Emerging evidence shows that gut microbes regulate the development and functioning of the brain, impacting emotion and behaviour, health and disease. Disturbance in gut microbiota and dysfunctional gut barrier can affect physiological, behavioural, cognitive, and memory functions of the brain.
In the mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), researchers found that gut microbial product can signal and change the activity of immune cells in the brain to remotely control brain inflammation.